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Sphagnum mosses feed their water balance solely from rainwater and are built up almost exclusively from peat-forming mosses. Due to the high-water level (lack of oxygen and increased acidity), organic residues hardly decompose, and peat build-up takes place very slowly (approx. 1 mm per year). Peat bogs develop on impermeable mineral soils or on fens.
Dioxin is a collective term for chemically similar, chlorine-containing and persistent organic substances, which are highly toxic even in small quantities. They are found everywhere in the environment and are ingested through food. Because of their high fat solubility, they accumulate in humans, animals and the environment.
Sod tiles are pieces of grass separated from the ground with a thin layer of soil in which the roots are located.
Reduction is a chemical reaction in which a substance gains electrons. In return, another substance gives up the electrons and is oxidised in the process. The reduction is therefore a partial reaction of a redox reaction.
The buffering capacity describes the amount of acid that can be absorbed by the soil’s buffering function without causing a significant change in pH.
Herbicides are chemical weed killers used primarily in agriculture to damage or kill plants that compete with crops.
Plants that have leaves all year round and don’t shed their foliage in winter are called evergreens. Among the most common evergreens are many conifers.
Bogs are wet habitats overgrown with low vegetation. They consist of 95 percent water and are therefore large water reservoirs. Bogs are habitats in which more organic matter forms than is decomposed. In addition, peatlands are important carbon reservoirs. Almost half of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is bound in bogs.
Organisms that live on animal excrement, dead plants and dead animals (carrion). They break up and transport organic material in the soil. This is then broken down by secondary decomposers into inorganic substances. Important primary decomposers are earthworms, enchytraea, soil mites, fly larvae, isopods and snails.
Meteorology is the study of the physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere. The people who work in this field are called meteorologists. They deal, for example, with weather forecasts and climatology.
The habitat and the organisms living in it are called ecosystems. The plants, animals, microorganisms and the non-living environment all interact.
Due to the filter function of the soil, even very small dirt or pollutant particles can be bound in seeping water. This prevents contamination of the groundwater.
The sun’s rays hit the earth in the form of ultraviolet radiation. A part is reflected. On their way into the atmosphere, gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone and water vapour are reflected back to earth in the form of infrared radiation. This effect warms up the earth like a greenhouse and ensures a